No topic, just answer the following questions Assignment - 3

No topic, just answer the following questions - Assignment Example The syndrome is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome. Down syndrome can be diagnosed during pregnancy and after the birth of the baby. During pregnancy screening and diagnostic testing, are appropriate tests that detect whether a baby is likely to have Down syndrome or the likelihood of getting transferring the genetic abnormalities to the child. After birth, physical examination of the baby is enough for the doctor to diagnose the child with Down syndrome. This a birth abnormality in which a baby is born without the skull and the brain. This defect is a neural tube defect. This type of defect occurs during the first month of pregnancy before even the mother realizes she is pregnant. The causes of anencephaly are not well understood. However, there are factors that increase chances of having babies getting affected. Such factors include low intake of folic acid before pregnancy and in the early period of pregnancy. Mothers, who have low iron content due to low folic intake, are at risk of getting children with anencephaly. Anencephaly can be confirmed by diagnosis during and after pregnancy. During pregnancy, prenatal testing/screening testing is done to confirm the defect and other conditions. In some cases, the abnormality is usually not detected during pregnancy and confirmed immediately after birth through physical examination. An egg is usually released from the ovary during every normal cycle of the woman’s menses. At ovulation, the cervical mucus becomes fluid and elastic; this allows sperms to enter rapidly into the uterus into the fallopian tube for fertilization. Fertilization results when a sperm penetrates the egg. Five to eight days after fertilization has taken place, the blastocyst attaches itself to the uterine lining near the fundus in a process referred to as implantation. This process is completed within nine days. After the implantation, the next process involves the development of