'Critically discuss one 'individual' OR one 'social' explanation of crime. In critically discussing your selected approach, reference a criminal justice initiative that illustrates your argument.'

The phenomenon of offense has been a constant element of human society. Criminology emerged as a field of study through the 18th and 19th centuries, concerned with the nature, extent, cause and control of criminal behavior and relating it to the human beings of information, beliefs and attitudes present in any particular place at any particular time. Within the diverse and competing perspectives of criminology, amicable expositions of annoyance perceive annoyance as a manifestation of well-disposed pathology generated as a result of societal structure itself; as opposed to explanations of individual pathology concerning psychological and biological traits. Social explanations of criminal offence further diverge into the two distinct schools of consensus and conflict theories. Functionalist or consensus theory share a common structural explanation of causes of deviance; while interactionist or conflict theory primarily focuses on various elements of power-play, regard ing deviance as an outcome of the labeling interaction process between people. This essay focuses on the consensus school of thought, tone for in particular at Mertons? Strain Theory; and Durkheims? anomie theory. In order to understand the concept of Strain Theory, it is inhering to amaze with its fundamental basis pioneered by the French sociologist Emile Durkheim (1858-1917.

) Rejecting the image that crime can be solely explained by biology or psychology of individuals, Durkheim presented the notion that crime is essentially a friendly phenomenon, ?somehow being related to and shaped by wider social pro cesses and structures.? Therefore the const! ruct of a `criminal or `deviant becomes a product of a particularised kind of social order. The wrongdoer is seen to stomach few conscious choices regarding their available social options as their activities and set are seen to be determined by wider societal forces and factors. Further, Durkheim introduced the motif of each society being characterised by a specific form of ?collective conscience.? This refers... If you want to get a ripe essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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